This document lists all equations in the Quarterly Japanese Economic Model (Q-JEM).
In equations, deterministic variables are denoted in green font. Coefficients and their standard errors (in < >) are denoted in pink font. @movav(x, n) stands for n periods backward moving average of x, and @movsum(x, n) stands for n periods backward moving sum of x. d(x) and dlog(x) denote difference and log difference of x, respectively. D~ stands for a dummy variable. D083 takes the value of 1 at 2008/3Q, and 0 otherwise. D083Z takes the value of 1 from 2008/3Q to the end, and 0 otherwise. D083091 takes the value of 1 from 2008/3Q to 2009/1Q, and 0 otherwise.
Variable | Definition | Unit | Source, calculation, etc. |
---|---|---|---|
BASE | Permanent component of inflation rate of the consumer price index | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
BASEX | Permanent component of inflation rate of the trimmed mean | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
BASEXFDENV | Permanent component of inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
BASEXFENORV | Permanent component of inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
BASEXFORV | Permanent component of inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted) | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
BPNEXI | Primary income, S.A. | 100 million yen | Ministry of Finance, Bank of Japan, "Balance of Payments" |
BPNTR | Secondary income, S.A. | 100 million yen | Ministry of Finance, Bank of Japan, "Balance of Payments" |
CA | Current account, S.A. | 100 million yen | Ministry of Finance, Bank of Japan, "Balance of Payments" |
CALL | Policy interest rate | % per annum | Bank of Japan, "Call Money Market Data" (monthly average) |
CALLQ | Equilibrium policy interest rate | % per annum | - |
CG | Real government consumption, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
CGN | Nominal government consumption, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
CHAIN | Parameter for chain-linking method | - | takes 1 when GDP is calculated by chain-linking method, 0 otherwise. |
CHAIN_DENOM | Variable for chain-linking method (for real GDP) | - | Based on the definition |
CHAIN_DENOM_DD | Variable for chain-linking method (for real domestic demand) | - | Based on the definition |
CHAIN_DENOM_DDF | Variable for chain-linking method (for real domestic final demand) | - | Based on the definition |
CHAIN_DENOM_DDP | Variable for chain-linking method (for real private demand) | - | Based on the definition |
CHAIN_DENOM_FD | Variable for chain-linking method (for real final demand) | - | Based on the definition |
CHAIN_DENOM_G | Variable for chain-linking method (for real public demand) | - | Based on the definition |
CHAIN_DENOM_GCF | Variable for chain-linking method (for real gross fixed capital formation) | - | Based on the definition |
CORE_CPI | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Equal to CPIXF |
CORE_CPIV | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Equal to CPIXFV |
CP | Real private consumption, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
CPIEN | Consumer price index (energy), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | CPIENV*(1+VATCPIENOR) |
CPIENOR | Consumer price index (energy) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIENORV | Consumer price index (energy, consumption tax adjusted) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIENV | Consumer price index (energy, consumption tax adjusted), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA |
CPIENW | Weight of the consumer price index (energy) | - | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXF | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | CPIXFV*(1+VATCPIXFOR) |
CPIXFDENORV | Consumer price index (all items, less food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXFDENV | Consumer price index (all items, less food and energy, consumption tax adjusted), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA |
CPIXFEN | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | CPIXFENV*(1+VATCPIXFENOR) |
CPIXFENOR | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXFENORV | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXFENV | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy, consumption tax adjusted), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA |
CPIXFENW | Weight of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy) | - | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXFOR | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXFORV | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted) | CY2015 = 100 | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPIXFV | Consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted), S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA |
CPIXFW | Weight of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food) | - | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Consumer Price Index" |
CPN | Nominal private consumption, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
CPQ | Long-run level of real private consumption | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | - |
DCSPREAD | Loan-deposit spread | % point per annum | IRDEPO-CALL |
DD | Real domestic demand, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
DD_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real domestic demand | - | DD/DD(-1)-1 |
DDF | Real domestic final demand, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Based on the definition |
DDF_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real domestic final demand | - | DDF/DDF(-1)-1 |
DDFN | Nominal domestic final demand, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Based on the definition |
DDN | Nominal domestic demand, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Based on the definition |
DDP | Real private demand, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
DDP_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real private demand | - | DDP/DDP(-1)-1 |
DDPN | Nominal private demand, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Based on the definition |
DELTA | Parameter for the trend inflation rate | - | Estimated following Takahashi (2016). 1-DELTA is the credibility measure of the inflation target policy. |
DEPR | Consumption of fixed capital | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
DEPRATE | Depreciation rate of fixed capital (based on National Accounts) | % per annum | (1-(KF-INV/4)/KF(-1))*400 |
DFT | Depreciation rate of fixed capital | % per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
EX | Real exports of goods and services, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
EXN | Nominal exports of goods and services, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
EXQ | Long-run level of real exports of goods and services | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | - |
EXUSWEIGHT | Share of the United States in Japanese exports | % | Ministry of Finance, "Trade Statistics of Japan" |
FASSET | Financial assets (households and private nonprofit institutions serving households) | Billion yen | Bank of Japan, "Flow of Funds" |
FCPI | Consumer price index of foreign economy, S.A. | - | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Japanese CPI |
FCPIUSWEIGHT | Share of U.S. dollar in effective exchange rate | % | Bank for International Settlements |
FD | Real final demand, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Based on the definition |
FD_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real final demand | - | FD/FD(-1)-1 |
FDN | Nominal final demand, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Based on the definition |
FGAP | Output gap of foreign economy | % | Based on the definition |
FGDP | Real gross domestic product of foreign economy, S.A. | 1960/Q1 = 100 | Weighted average of individual countries' GDP, where countries' shares in Japanese exports are used as weights |
FGDPQ | Potential GDP of foreign economy | - | Trend of FGDP using the Hodrick-Prescott filter (lambda=1600) |
FXN | Nominal effective exchange rate (broad index) | CY2010 = 100 | Bank for International Settlements |
FXR | Real effective exchange rate (broad index) | CY2010 = 100 | Bank for International Settlements |
FXYEN | Nominal exchange rate (yen per U.S. dollar) | Yen per U.S. dollar | Bank of Japan (closing price, Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market, monthly average) |
FXYENQ | Long-run level of nominal exchange rate (yen per U.S. dollar) | Yen per U.S. dollar | - |
G | Real public demand, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
G_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real public demand | - | G/G(-1)-1 |
GAP | Output gap | % | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
GCF | Real gross fixed capital formation, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Chain-linked volume of IG, IH, and INV |
GCF_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real gross fixed capital formation | - | GCF/GCF(-1)-1 |
GDP | Real gross domestic product, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
GDP_DOT | Quarter-to-quarter change of real gross domestic product | - | GDP/GDP(-1)-1 |
GDPN | Identity of nominal gross domestic product, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
GDPNADJ | Adjusted nominal gross domestic product, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Based on the definition |
GDPQ | Potential GDP | Billion yen | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
GDPQNONHP | Potential GDP (unfiltered) | Billion yen | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
GN | Nominal public demand, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
H_D12 | Total hours worked | Hours per capita per month | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
H_OVER05_BI | Base index of total hours worked (5 or more employees) | Hours per capita per month | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, "Monthly Labour Survey" |
H_SA | Total hours worked, S.A. | CY2015 = 100 | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, "Monthly Labour Survey") |
HQ | Potential total hours worked | Hours per capita per month | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
HQFGDP | Real growth rate of foreign economy | - | dlog(FGDP) |
HQFGDPQ | Potential growth rate of foreign economy | - | dlog(FGDPQ) |
HQNUSCPIQ | Trend inflation rate of the rest of the world consumer price index | q/q % chg., per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
HQNUSGDPQ | Potential growth rate of the rest of the world | - | (HQFGDPQ-EXUSWEIGHT/100*HQUSGDPQ)/(1-EXUSWEIGHT/100) |
HQUSCPI | Inflation rate of the U.S. consumer price index | - | dlog(USCPI) |
HQUSCPIQ | Trend inflation rate of the U.S. consumer price index | % | Estimated based on actual data |
HQUSCPIQ_CB | Target inflation rate of the United States | % | - |
HQUSCPIXFDEN | Inflation rate of the U.S. consumer price index (all items, less food and energy) | - | dlog(USCPIXFDEN) |
HQUSGDPQ | Potential growth rate of the U.S. economy | - | dlog(USGDPQ) |
HYCPIX | Inflation rate of the trimmed mean | y/y % chg. | Bank of Japan, "Measures of Underlying Inflation" |
HYCPIXFDENORV | Inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | - | CPIXFDENORV/CPIXFDENORV(-4)-1 |
HYCPIXFENORV | Inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | - | CPIXFENORV/CPIXFENORV(-4)-1 |
HYCPIXFORV | Inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted) | - | CPIXFORV/CPIXFORV(-4)-1 |
HYGDPQ | Potential growth rate | - | HYGDPQPC/100 |
HYGDPQ_SS | Potential growth rate at steady-state | - | Estimated based on actual data |
HYGDPQPC | Potential growth rate | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
HYPOP15 | Population growth of 15 years old or more | - | pop15/pop15(-4)-1 |
HYPOP2024 | Population growth of 20-24 years old | - | pop2024/pop2024(-4)-1 |
HYPOP2529 | Population growth of 25-29 years old | - | pop2529/pop2529(-4)-1 |
HYPOP3034 | Population growth of 30-34 years old | - | pop3034/pop3034(-4)-1 |
HYPOP3539 | Population growth of 35-39 years old | - | pop3539/pop3539(-4)-1 |
HYPOP4044 | Population growth of 40-44 years old | - | pop4044/pop4044(-4)-1 |
HYPOP4549 | Population growth of 45-49 years old | - | pop4549/pop4549(-4)-1 |
HYPOP5054 | Population growth of 50-54 years old | - | pop5054/pop5054(-4)-1 |
HYPOP5559 | Population growth of 55-59 years old | - | pop5559/pop5559(-4)-1 |
HYPOP6064 | Population growth of 60-64 years old | - | pop6064/pop6064(-4)-1 |
HYPOP65 | Population growth of 65 years old or more | - | pop65/pop65(-4)-1 |
IAD | Import intensity-adjusted demand | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Calculated following Bussiere et al. (2013) |
IG | Real public investment, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IGN | Nominal public investment, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IH | Real private residential investment, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IHN | Nominal private residential investment, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IHQ | Long-run level of real private residential investment | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | - |
IIG | Change in real public inventories, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IIGN | Change in nominal public inventories, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IIGN_SS | Change in nominal public inventories at steady-state | Billion yen per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
IM | Real imports of goods and services, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IMN | Nominal imports of goods and services, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
IMOILSHARE | Share of petroleum in Japanese imports | - | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts"; Ministry of Finance, "Trade Statistics of Japan" |
INV | Real private non-residential investment, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
INVN | Nominal private non-residential investment, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
INVQ | Long-run level of real private non-residential investment | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | - |
IRDEPO | Average interest rate on ordinary deposits | % per annum | Bank of Japan, "Average Interest Rates Posted a Financial Institutions by Type of Deposit" |
IRL | Long-term interest rate on Japanese government bonds (10 years) | % per annum | Ministry of Finance |
IRLOAN | Long-term interest rate on loans | % per annum | Bank of Japan, "Average Interest Rates Posted a Financial Institutions by Type of Deposit", "Prime Lending Rates (Principal Banks)" |
IRM | Medium-term interest rate on Japanese government bonds (3-5 years) | % per annum | The average yield (3-5 years) on government bonds (original data: Ministry of Finance) |
KF | Net real capital stocks of private non-residential fixed assets | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
KIV | Real private inventory stock, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Accumulation of SNAIV based on KIV at the end of CY2011 |
L | Employed persons, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
LF | Labor force, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
LFGAP | Gap of labor force | - | log(LF/LFQ) |
LFQ | Potential labor force | 10,000 persons | POP15*LPRATQ/100 |
LGAP | Gap of employed persons | - | log(L/LQ) |
LI | Labor input | - | Based on the definition |
LOANDI | Lending attitude of financial institutions (all enterprises, all industries) | DI ("accommodative" - "severe"), % points | Bank of Japan, "TANKAN" |
LP | Labor productivity (based on adjusted nominal GDP) | - | Based on the definition |
LPRATQ | Potential labor force participation rate | % | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
LQ | Potential employed persons | 10,000 persons | Estimated following Hara et al. (2006) and Kawamoto et al. (2017) |
LSELF | Self-employed workers and family workers, S.A. | 10,000 persons | L-LW |
LSQ | Long-run level of labor share | - | Estimated based on actual data |
LW | Employees, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
NINDTAX | Taxes on production and imports less subsidies, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
NOISEX | Transitory component of the inflation rate of the trimmed mean | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
NOISEXFDENV | Transitory component of inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
NOISEXFENORV | Transitory component of inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
NOISEXFORV | Transitory component of inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted) | y/y % chg. | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
NRATE | Natural interest rate | % | Estimated following Clark and Kozicki (2005) |
NUSCALL | Policy interest rate of the rest of the world | % per annum | Weighted average of the rest of the world' short-term interest rates, where countries shares in Japanese exports are used as weights |
NUSCALLQ | Equilibrium policy interest rate of the rest of the world | % per annum | - |
NUSCPI | Consumer price index of the rest of the world | CY2005 = 100 | Calculated based on the defining equation of FCPI and standardized the level to CY 2005 = 100 |
NUSGAP | Output gap of the rest of the world | % | log(NUSGDP/NUSGDPQ)*100 |
NUSGDP | Real GDP of the rest of the world | 1960/Q1 = 100 | - |
NUSGDPQ | Potential GDP of the rest of the world | - | Estimated based on actual data |
NUSPIX | Inflation rate of the rest of the world consumer price index | q/q % chg., per annum | dlog(NUSCPI)*400 |
NUSZCALLn | Expected policy interest rate of the rest of the world (n quarters ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
NUSZCALL10 | Long-term expected policy interest rate of the rest of the world (10 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
NUSZGAPn | Expected output gap of the rest of the world (n quarters ahead) | % | Estimated based on actual data |
NUSZPIn | Expected inflation rate of the rest of the world consumer price index (n quarters ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
NUSZPI10 | Long-term expected inflation rate of the rest of the world consumer price index (10 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
OTHERNINDTAX | Other indirect taxes less subsidies, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | NINDTAX-SNAVAT |
PCG | Government consumption deflator | CY2011 = 100 | CGN/CG*100 |
PCG_S | Government consumption deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PCG_S_HIST(-4) |
PCG_S_HIST | Government consumption deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PCP | Private consumption deflator | CY2011 = 100 | CPN/CP*100 |
PCP_S | Private consumption deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PCP_S_HIST(-4) |
PCP_S_HIST | Private consumption deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PDD | Domestic demand deflator | CY2011 = 100 | DDN/DD*100 |
PDDF | Domestic final demand deflator | CY2011 = 100 | DDFN/DDF*100 |
PDDP | Private demand deflator | CY2011 = 100 | DDPN/DDP*100 |
PEX | Exports of goods & services deflator | CY2011 = 100 | EXN/EX*100 |
PEX_S | Exports of goods & services deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PEX_S_HIST(-4) |
PEX_S_HIST | Exports of goods & services deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PFD | Final demand deflator | CY2011 = 100 | FDN/FD*100 |
PG | Public demand deflator | CY2011 = 100 | GN/G*100 |
PGDP | GDP deflator | CY2011 = 100 | GDPN/GDP*100 |
PIG | Public investment deflator | CY2011 = 100 | IGN/IG*100 |
PIG_S | Public investment deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PIG_S_HIST(-4) |
PIG_S_HIST | Public investment deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PIH | Private residential investment deflator | CY2011 = 100 | IHN/IH*100 |
PIH_S | Private residential investment deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PIH_S_HIST(-4) |
PIH_S_HIST | Private residential investment deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PIIG | Change in public inventories deflator | CY2011 = 100 | IIGN/IIG*100 |
PIIG_S | Change in public inventories deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PIIG_S_HIST(-4) |
PIIG_S_HIST | Change in public inventories deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PIM | Imports of goods & services deflator | CY2011 = 100 | IMN/IM*100 |
PIM_S | Imports of goods & services deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PIM_S_HIST(-4) |
PIM_S_HIST | Imports of goods & services deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PINV | Private non-residential investment deflator | CY2011 = 100 | INVN/INV*100 |
PINV_S | Private non-residential investment deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PINV_S_HIST(-4) |
PINV_S_HIST | Private non-residential investment deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
PIQ | Trend inflation rate of the consumer price index | % | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
PIQ_CB | Target inflation rate | % | - |
PIX | Inflation rate of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food, consumption tax adjusted), S.A. | q/q % chg., per annum | dlog(CORE_CPIV)*400 |
POIL | CIF price of oil | $/bbl | Ministry of Finance, "Trade Statistics of Japan" |
POP15 | Population of 15 years old or more, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP20 | Population of 20 years old or more, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP2024 | Population of 20-24 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP2529 | Population of 25-29 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP3034 | Population of 30-34 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP3539 | Population of 35-39 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP4044 | Population of 40-44 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP4549 | Population of 45-49 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP5054 | Population of 50-54 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP5559 | Population of 55-59 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP60 | Population of 60 years old or more, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP6064 | Population of 60-64 years old, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
POP65 | Population of 65 years old or more, S.A. | 10,000 persons | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
PROF | Ordinary profits (large enterprises, all industries excluding finance and insurance), S.A. | Million yen | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Ministry of Finance, "Financial statements statistics of corporations by industry") |
PSNAIV | Change in private inventories deflator | CY2011 = 100 | SNAIVN/SNAIV*100 |
PSNAIV_S | Change in private inventories deflator of the previous calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Equal to PSNAIV_S_HIST(-4) |
PSNAIV_S_HIST | Change in private inventories deflator of the calendar year | CY2011 = 100 | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
Q1 | Dummy variable | - | Every 1Q = 1, otherwise = 0 |
Q2 | Dummy variable | - | Every 2Q = 1, otherwise = 0 |
Q3 | Dummy variable | - | Every 3Q = 1, otherwise = 0 |
Q4 | Dummy variable | - | Every 4Q = 1, otherwise = 0 |
RESIDYDNOR | Residual of the nominal disposable income | Billion yen | - |
RSDPROF | Operating surplus as the residual, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | GDPN-(YW+DEPR+NINDTAX) |
SFCPIENV | Seasonal factor of the consumer price index (all items, less energy, consumption tax adjusted) | - | CPIENORV/CPIENV*100 |
SFCPIXFDENV | Seasonal factor of the consumer price index (all items, less food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | - | CPIXFDENORV/CPIXFDENV*100 |
SFCPIXFENV | Seasonal factor of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy, consumption tax adjusted) | - | CPIXFENORV/CPIXFENV*100 |
SH | Real housing stock, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
SNA_A | Dummy variable for the existence of SNA based deflator | - | Observation in P*_S is NA = 0, otherwise = 1. |
SNAIV | Change in real private inventories, S.A. | Billions of chained (2011) yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
SNAIVN | Change in nominal private inventories, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
SNAVAT | Value added type taxes, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
TOB | Tobin's q | - | ("The market value of all outstanding stock and all debt"/PGDP*100-KIV)/KF(-1) |
TOPIX | Tokyo stock price index | Jan.4, 1968 = 100 | Tokyo Stock Exchange |
TT | Terms of trade | - | PEX/PIM |
U | Unemployment rate, S.A. | % | Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "Labour Force Survey" |
USCALL | Policy interest rate of the United States | % per annum | Federal Reserve Bank of New York (federal funds rate, monthly average) |
USCALLQ | Equilibrium policy interest rate of the United States | % per annum | - |
USCALLQR | Real equilibrium policy interest rate of the United States | % per annum | Estimated value from Laubach and Williams (2003) |
USCPI | Consumer price index of the United States (for all urban consumers, all items), S.A. | 1982-1984=100 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
USCPIXFDEN | Consumer price index of the United States (for all urban consumers, all items less food and energy), S.A. | 1982-1984=100 | U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics |
USGAP | Output gap of the United States | % | log(USGDP/USGDPQ)*100 |
USGDP | Real gross domestic product of the United States, S.A. | 1960/Q1=100 | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis |
USGDPQ | Potential GDP of the United States | 1960/Q1=100 | Standardized by USGDPQ_CBO |
USGDPQ_CBO | Potential GDP of the United States | Billion dollar | Estimated by Congressional Budget Office |
USIRL | Long-term interest rate of the United States | % per annum | Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Yield on treasury securities, 10 years, monthly average) |
USPIX | Inflation rate of the U.S. consumer price index (for all urban consumers, all items less food and energy) | q/q % chg., per annum | dlog(USCPIXFDEN)*400 |
USZCALLn | Expected policy interest rate of the United States (n quarters ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
USZCALL10 | Long-term expected policy interest rate of the United States (10 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
USZGAPn | Expected output gap of the United States (n quarters ahead) | % | Estimated based on actual data |
USZPIn | Expected inflation rate of the U.S. consumer price index (n quarters ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
USZPI10 | Long-term expected inflation rate of the U.S. consumer price index (10 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
VATCPIENOR | Consumption tax factor of the consumer price index (energy) | - | CPIENOR/CPIENORV-1 |
VATCPIXFENOR | Consumption tax factor of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food and energy) | - | CPIXFENOR/CPIXFENORV-1 |
VATCPIXFOR | Consumption tax factor of the consumer price index (all items, less fresh food) | - | CPIXFOR/CPIXFORV-1 |
WHN | Nominal wage (per capita per hour) | 100,000 yen per capita per hour | YW/LW/(H_SA*H_OVER05_BI/100)/12 |
WHNQ | Long-run level of nominal wage (per capita per hour) | 100,000 yen per capita per hour | - |
WN | Nominal wage (per capita) | 100,000 yen per capita | YW/LW |
YDN | Nominal disposable income, net (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | YW+YP+YOSMI+YTR-YTAX |
YHOUSE | Operating surplus (imputed service of owner-occupied dwellings), net (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | YOSMI-YMIX |
YHOUSEGR | Operating surplus (imputed service of owner-occupied dwellings), gross (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | YOSMIGR-YMIXGR |
YMIX | Mixed income, net (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YMIXGR | Mixed income, gross (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YOSMI | Operating surplus and mixed income, net (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YOSMIGR | Operating surplus and mixed income, gross (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YP | Property income, net (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YTAX | Current taxes on income, wealth, etc., (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YTAXRAT | Effective income tax rate, S.A. | - | YTAX/(YW+YMIXGR+YTR) |
YTR | Social contribution and other current transfers, excluding social transfer in kind, net (households including private unincorporated enterprises), S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Seasonally adjusted by X-12-ARIMA (original data: Cabinet Office, "National Accounts") |
YW | Nominal compensation of employees, S.A. | Billion yen per annum | Cabinet Office, "National Accounts" |
ZCALLn | Expected policy interest rate (n quarters ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
ZCALL10 | Long-term expected policy interest rate (10 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
ZCALL4 | Medium-term expected policy interest rate (4 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
ZCG_DOT | Real government consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZCP_DOT | Real private consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZDD_DOT | Real domestic demand (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZDDCG_DOT | Real government consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZDDCP_DOT | Real private consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZDDFCG_DOT | Real government consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic final demand) | - | - |
ZDDFCP_DOT | Real private consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic final demand) | - | - |
ZDDFIG_DOT | Real public investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic final demand) | - | - |
ZDDFIH_DOT | Real private residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic final demand) | - | - |
ZDDFINV_DOT | Real private non-residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic final demand) | - | - |
ZDDIG_DOT | Real public investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZDDIH_DOT | Real private residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZDDIIG_DOT | Real change in public inventories (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZDDINV_DOT | Real private non-residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZDDP_DOT | Real private demand (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZDDPCP_DOT | Real private consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real private demand) | - | - |
ZDDPIH_DOT | Real private residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real private demand) | - | - |
ZDDPINV_DOT | Real private non-residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real private demand) | - | - |
ZDDPSNAIV_DOT | Change in real private inventories (contribution to q/q chg. in real private demand) | - | - |
ZDDSNAIV_DOT | Change in real private inventories (contribution to q/q chg. in real domestic demand) | - | - |
ZEX_DOT | Real exports of goods and services (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZEXIM_DOT | Real net exports of goods and services (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZFDCG_DOT | Real government consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real final demand) | - | - |
ZFDCP_DOT | Real private consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real final demand) | - | - |
ZFDEX_DOT | Real exports of goods and services (contribution to q/q chg. in real final demand) | - | - |
ZFDIG_DOT | Real public investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real final demand) | - | - |
ZFDIH_DOT | Real private residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real final demand) | - | - |
ZFDINV_DOT | Real private non-residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real final demand) | - | - |
ZG_DOT | Real public demand (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZGAPn | Expected output gap (n quarters ahead) | % | Estimated based on actual data |
ZGCFIG_DOT | Real public investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real gross fixed capital formation) | - | - |
ZGCFIH_DOT | Real private residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real gross fixed capital formation) | - | - |
ZGCFINV_DOT | Real private non-residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real gross fixed capital formation) | - | - |
ZGCG_DOT | Real government consumption (contribution to q/q chg. in real public demand) | - | - |
ZGIG_DOT | Real public investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real public demand) | - | - |
ZGIIG_DOT | Change in real public inventories (contribution to q/q chg. in real public demand) | - | - |
ZIG_DOT | Real public investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZIH_DOT | Real private residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZIIG_DOT | Change in real public inventories (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZIM_DOT | Real imports of goods and services (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZINV_DOT | Real private non-residential investment (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |
ZPIn | Expected inflation rate of the consumer price index (n quarters ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
ZPI10 | Long-term expected inflation rate of the consumer price index (10 year average) | % per annum | Based on the definition |
ZPIL | Long-term expected inflation rate of the consumer price index (6-10 year ahead) | % per annum | Estimated following Takahashi (2016) |
ZPIM | Medium-term expected inflation rate of the consumer price index (3 year ahead) | % per annum | Estimated based on actual data |
ZSNAIV_DOT | Change in real private inventories (contribution to q/q chg. in real GDP) | - | - |