In architectural terminology, these are called balusters. They are usually spaced evenly to act as posts for handrails, and they also serve as ornamentation of a building.
The right-hand picture is of a metal baluster that was once on the roof of the Main Building constructed in 1896. The picture on the left is of a stone baluster that was installed on the roof of Buildings 2 and 3, extended on the east side of the Main Building in 1935 and 1938, respectively. Since Buildings 2 and 3 were designed to match the Main Building, the two balusters also closely resemble each other in design.
While the Main Building was designed by Dr. Tatsuno Kingo, Buildings 2 and 3 were designed by Mr. Nagano Uheiji, one of Dr. Tatsuno's protégés.
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