(参考)手形売買レート(2001年3月まで),,,,,,,, 単位 年%,1週間物,,1か月物,,2か月物,,3か月物, ,月末,平均,月末,平均,月末,平均,月末,平均 ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, (Reference)Bill Rates(through March 2001),,,,,,,, percent per annum,1 Week,,1 Month,,2 Months,,3 Months, ,End of Month,Average,End of Month,Average,End of Month,Average,End of Month,Average ,,,,,,,, 1971.06,,,,,6.88,,, 1971.07,,,,,6.50,,, 1971.08,,,,,6.38,,, 1971.09,,,,,6.13,,, 1971.10,,,,,6.00,,, 1971.11,,,,,6.00,,, 1971.12,,,,,5.50,,, 1972.01,,,,,5.50,,, 1972.02,,,,,5.50,,, 1972.03,,,,,5.50,,, 1972.04,,,,,5.50,,, 1972.05,,,,,5.50,,, 1972.06,,,,,5.00,,, 1972.07,,,,,5.25,,, 1972.08,,,,,5.25,,, 1972.09,,,,,5.25,,, 1972.10,,,,,5.38,,, 1972.11,,,,,5.63,,, 1972.12,,,,,5.88,,, 1973.01,,,,,6.13,,, 1973.02,,,,,6.13,,, 1973.03,,,,,6.13,,, 1973.04,,,,,6.50,,, 1973.05,,,,,7.13,,, 1973.06,,,,,7.25,,, 1973.07,,,,,8.00,,, 1973.08,,,,,9.25,,, 1973.09,,,,,9.25,,, 1973.10,,,,,9.75,,, 1973.11,,,,,10.25,,, 1973.12,,,,,12.25,,, 1974.01,,,,,12.75,,, 1974.02,,,,,12.75,,, 1974.03,,,,,12.75,,, 1974.04,,,,,12.75,,, 1974.05,,,,,12.75,,, 1974.06,,,,,13.25,,, 1974.07,,,,,13.75,,, 1974.08,,,,,13.75,,, 1974.09,,,,,13.25,,, 1974.10,,,,,13.75,,, 1974.11,,,,,13.75,,, 1974.12,,,,,13.75,,, 1975.01,,,,,13.75,,, 1975.02,,,,,13.75,,, 1975.03,,,,,13.25,,, 1975.04,,,,,12.25,,, 1975.05,,,,,12.25,,, 1975.06,,,,,11.75,,, 1975.07,,,,,11.75,,, 1975.08,,,,,11.25,,, 1975.09,,,,,10.25,,, 1975.10,,,,,9.25,,, 1975.11,,,,,9.00,,, 1975.12,,,,,8.25,,, 1976.01,,,,,7.75,,, 1976.02,,,,,7.75,,, 1976.03,,,,,7.75,,, 1976.04,,,,,7.25,,, 1976.05,,,,,7.25,,, 1976.06,,,,,7.75,,, 1976.07,,,,,7.75,,, 1976.08,,,,,7.75,,, 1976.09,,,,,7.50,,, 1976.10,,,,,8.00,,, 1976.11,,,,,8.00,,, 1976.12,,,,,7.50,,, 1977.01,,,,,7.50,,, 1977.02,,,,,7.50,,, 1977.03,,,,,7.00,,, 1977.04,,,,,5.75,,, 1977.05,,,,,5.75,,, 1977.06,,,,,6.25,,, 1977.07,,,,,6.25,,, 1977.08,,,,,6.25,,, 1977.09,,,,,5.25,,, 1977.10,,,,,5.75,,, 1977.11,,,,,5.75,,, 1977.12,,,,,5.25,,, 1978.01,,,,,5.25,,, 1978.02,,,,,5.25,,, 1978.03,,,,,4.50,,, 1978.04,,,,,4.50,,, 1978.05,,,,,4.50,,, 1978.06,,,,,4.75,,, 1978.07,,,,,4.75,,, 1978.08,,,,,4.63,,, 1978.09,,,,,4.38,,, 1978.10,,,,,4.63,,, 1978.11,,,5.00,5.00,4.88,4.88,4.88,4.88 1978.12,,,4.66,4.92,4.50,4.75,4.63,4.73 1979.01,,,4.56,4.49,4.63,4.54,4.63,4.58 1979.02,,,4.56,4.50,4.50,4.53,4.50,4.53 1979.03,,,4.81,4.69,4.63,4.54,4.88,4.66 1979.04,,,5.31,5.23,5.50,5.24,5.50,5.41 1979.05,,,5.44,5.39,5.50,5.50,5.63,5.62 1979.06,,,5.94,5.64,6.00,5.71,6.13,5.85 1979.07,,,6.88,6.21,7.00,6.26,7.00,6.46 1979.08,,,6.94,6.94,7.00,7.00,7.06,7.04 1979.09,,,6.94,6.97,7.00,7.00,7.06,7.09 1979.10,,,7.19,7.00,7.56,7.13,7.75,7.53 1979.11,,,8.25,7.95,8.25,8.12,8.31,8.16 1979.12,,,8.38,8.37,8.38,8.37,8.50,8.47 1980.01,,,8.44,8.23,8.44,8.39,8.63,8.70 1980.02,,,9.75,9.00,9.75,9.07,9.94,9.19 1980.03,,,12.75,11.62,13.50,12.42,13.75,12.70 1980.04,,,13.00,12.82,13.56,13.53,13.88,13.83 1980.05,,,13.56,13.33,13.75,13.64,13.75,13.86 1980.06,,,13.19,13.50,13.19,13.51,13.44,13.63 1980.07,,,12.81,13.00,12.69,12.88,12.81,12.96 1980.08,,,11.50,12.16,11.50,12.05,11.44,12.16 1980.09,,,11.50,11.50,11.50,11.49,11.44,11.43 1980.10,,,10.25,11.05,10.25,10.71,10.25,11.22 1980.11,,,9.75,9.75,9.63,9.76,9.63,9.72 1980.12,,,9.44,9.64,9.50,9.60,9.50,9.58 1981.01,,,8.88,9.08,8.75,8.98,8.88,8.98 1981.02,,,8.63,8.68,8.38,8.53,8.38,8.60 1981.03,,,7.50,8.27,7.38,7.87,7.38,7.93 1981.04,,,7.13,7.21,7.25,7.21,7.25,7.22 1981.05,,,7.25,7.24,7.44,7.35,7.44,7.35 1981.06,,,7.44,7.41,7.50,7.48,7.50,7.47 1981.07,,,7.50,7.44,7.50,7.45,7.50,7.45 1981.08,,,7.44,7.48,7.38,7.46,7.38,7.46 1981.09,,,7.25,7.34,7.25,7.32,7.38,7.35 1981.10,,,7.06,7.17,7.25,7.26,7.38,7.37 1981.11,,,7.38,7.22,7.25,7.35,7.31,7.34 1981.12,,,6.63,6.89,6.56,6.80,6.56,6.89 1982.01,,,6.69,6.59,6.63,6.57,6.56,6.54 1982.02,,,6.69,6.69,6.56,6.61,6.50,6.55 1982.03,,,6.56,6.60,6.50,6.54,6.50,6.50 1982.04,,,7.19,7.10,7.13,7.07,7.06,7.03 1982.05,,,7.25,7.21,7.25,7.20,7.19,7.13 1982.06,,,7.31,7.28,7.31,7.28,7.25,7.21 1982.07,,,7.31,7.31,7.31,7.31,7.25,7.25 1982.08,,,7.31,7.35,7.31,7.34,7.31,7.30 1982.09,,,7.13,7.23,7.13,7.23,7.19,7.23 1982.10,,,7.06,7.10,7.06,7.10,7.19,7.19 1982.11,,,7.13,7.07,7.13,7.14,7.13,7.16 1982.12,,,7.00,7.10,7.06,7.10,7.06,7.09 1983.01,,,6.88,6.91,6.88,6.92,6.94,6.94 1983.02,,,6.88,6.88,6.81,6.85,6.81,6.81 1983.03,,,6.69,6.51,6.75,6.78,6.81,6.81 1983.04,,,6.50,6.60,6.63,6.69,6.69,6.77 1983.05,,,6.50,6.47,6.56,6.59,6.56,6.56 1983.06,,,6.56,6.52,6.63,6.57,6.63,6.57 1983.07,,,6.63,6.58,6.69,6.64,6.63,6.63 1983.08,,,6.69,6.26,6.75,6.72,6.69,6.69 1983.09,,,6.75,6.75,6.75,6.78,6.81,6.81 1983.10,,,6.25,6.53,6.31,6.60,6.31,6.64 1983.11,,,6.38,6.31,6.31,6.31,6.25,6.31 1983.12,,,6.19,6.44,6.19,6.31,6.25,6.25 1984.01,,,6.19,6.13,6.19,6.15,6.25,6.22 1984.02,,,6.56,6.24,6.38,6.28,6.25,6.25 1984.03,,,6.19,6.43,6.25,6.31,6.25,6.25 1984.04,,,6.06,6.13,6.13,6.19,6.19,6.23 1984.05,,,6.25,6.13,6.25,6.19,6.25,6.22 1984.06,,,6.13,6.17,6.19,6.22,6.31,6.27 1984.07,,,6.19,6.13,6.31,6.21,6.31,6.30 1984.08,,,6.38,6.26,6.31,6.30,6.25,6.28 1984.09,,,6.38,6.40,6.31,6.32,6.31,6.31 1984.10,,,6.25,6.19,6.31,6.26,6.31,6.31 1984.11,,,6.50,6.31,6.44,6.37,6.31,6.29 1984.12,,,6.19,6.44,6.25,6.34,6.25,6.24 1985.01,,,6.19,6.21,6.25,6.23,6.31,6.28 1985.02,,,6.50,6.35,6.44,6.38,6.31,6.31 1985.03,,,6.25,6.48,6.31,6.41,6.31,6.34 1985.04,,,6.25,6.24,6.31,6.28,6.31,6.30 1985.05,,,6.38,6.29,6.31,6.31,6.25,6.31 1985.06,,,6.25,6.26,6.25,6.26,6.25,6.25 1985.07,,,6.31,6.27,6.31,6.28,6.31,6.31 1985.08,,,6.38,6.34,6.38,6.35,6.31,6.31 1985.09,,,6.44,6.48,6.38,6.38,6.38,6.37 1985.10,,,7.69,6.71,7.75,6.72,7.75,6.73 1985.11,,,8.13,7.87,8.06,7.94,7.88,7.86 1985.12,,,7.69,8.10,7.69,7.98,7.63,7.80 1986.01,,,6.00,6.97,6.00,7.00,6.06,6.83 1986.02,,,6.06,5.93,5.94,5.94,5.88,5.96 1986.03,,,5.25,5.67,5.31,5.51,5.31,5.47 1986.04,,,4.50,4.87,4.56,4.89,4.63,4.92 1986.05,,,4.69,4.57,4.63,4.58,4.63,4.63 1986.06,,,4.63,4.60,4.63,4.63,4.69,4.65 1986.07,,,4.63,4.63,4.69,4.66,4.69,4.69 1986.08,,,4.81,4.74,4.75,4.73,4.69,4.69 1986.09,,,4.75,4.85,4.75,4.77,4.75,4.71 1986.10,,,4.63,4.66,4.81,4.77,4.75,4.80 1986.11,,,4.38,4.31,4.31,4.31,4.31,4.30 1986.12,,,4.25,4.40,4.25,4.36,4.31,4.31 1987.01,,,4.25,4.23,4.31,4.28,4.31,4.31 1987.02,,,4.00,4.22,3.88,4.17,3.81,4.12 1987.03,,,3.88,4.04,3.94,3.92,4.00,3.96 1987.04,,,3.81,3.82,3.88,3.89,3.94,3.95 1987.05,,,3.75,3.77,3.69,3.73,3.63,3.71 1987.06,,,3.56,3.62,3.63,3.64,3.63,3.64 1987.07,,,3.50,3.50,3.56,3.57,3.69,3.69 1987.08,,,3.63,3.60,3.69,3.66,3.69,3.69 1987.09,,,3.81,3.74,3.81,3.75,3.88,3.78 1987.10,,,3.81,3.78,3.88,3.85,3.94,3.91 1987.11,,,3.94,3.84,3.94,3.88,3.88,3.93 1987.12,,,3.81,3.98,3.88,3.94,3.88,3.88 1988.01,,,3.75,3.76,3.81,3.82,3.88,3.88 1988.02,,,3.88,3.77,3.81,3.81,3.75,3.80 1988.03,,,3.75,3.90,3.81,3.81,3.88,3.83 1988.04,,,3.81,3.74,3.88,3.84,3.94,3.88 1988.05,,,3.94,3.88,3.88,3.86,3.88,3.88 1988.06,,,3.94,3.91,3.94,3.91,4.00,3.95 1988.07,,,4.00,3.97,4.06,4.01,4.06,4.06 1988.08,,,4.19,4.09,4.13,4.10,4.06,4.06 1988.09,,,4.44,4.35,4.25,4.23,4.25,4.18 1988.10,,,4.13,4.23,4.19,4.26,4.25,4.31 1988.11,4.44,4.06,4.56,4.28,4.50,4.43,4.44,4.38 1988.12,4.75,4.58,4.94,4.69,4.69,4.54,4.50,4.50 1989.01,4.34,4.21,4.31,4.33,4.56,4.42,4.53,4.51 1989.02,4.38,4.18,4.44,4.32,4.59,4.52,4.56,4.54 1989.03,4.44,4.47,4.41,4.75,4.63,4.67,4.59,4.67 1989.04,4.59,4.44,4.63,4.51,4.66,4.56,4.75,4.63 1989.05,5.25,4.76,5.09,4.86,5.06,4.92,5.13,4.98 1989.06,5.28,5.17,5.28,5.24,5.28,5.26,5.38,5.29 1989.07,5.31,5.21,5.28,5.26,5.31,5.28,5.31,5.35 1989.08,5.41,5.35,5.50,5.37,5.50,5.37,5.41,5.35 1989.09,5.72,5.50,5.59,5.60,5.59,5.56,5.66,5.58 1989.10,6.28,5.98,6.34,6.02,6.44,6.06,6.41,6.11 1989.11,6.44,6.20,6.66,6.42,6.63,6.61,6.63,6.62 1989.12,6.63,6.54,6.56,6.69,6.63,6.67,6.75,6.69 1990.01,6.66,6.58,6.72,6.66,6.94,6.79,6.94,6.88 1990.02,6.75,6.65,7.06,6.85,7.13,7.00,7.22,7.03 1990.03,7.03,6.99,7.09,7.33,7.31,7.38,7.31,7.38 1990.04,7.28,7.17,7.28,7.25,7.28,7.29,7.34,7.31 1990.05,7.34,7.25,7.31,7.28,7.25,7.28,7.25,7.28 1990.06,7.50,7.32,7.44,7.32,7.41,7.30,7.44,7.29 1990.07,7.59,7.51,7.63,7.53,7.66,7.53,7.66,7.53 1990.08,7.75,7.57,8.16,7.78,8.16,7.87,8.16,7.84 1990.09,8.31,8.01,8.19,8.29,8.22,8.27,8.38,8.28 1990.10,7.97,7.79,8.00,7.88,8.09,8.01,8.06,8.10 1990.11,8.22,8.08,8.28,8.14,8.25,8.17,8.22,8.16 1990.12,8.22,8.23,8.06,8.29,8.03,8.14,8.00,8.10 1991.01,8.03,8.03,8.03,8.06,8.06,8.04,8.03,8.03 1991.02,8.19,7.99,8.13,8.00,8.09,7.99,7.91,7.90 1991.03,8.38,8.34,8.03,8.29,7.81,8.08,7.69,7.95 1991.04,8.19,8.15,8.13,8.12,8.03,7.95,7.91,7.82 1991.05,7.97,7.98,7.78,7.92,7.63,7.79,7.59,7.70 1991.06,7.94,7.94,7.91,7.87,7.75,7.76,7.78,7.67 1991.07,7.41,7.41,7.34,7.43,7.34,7.40,7.28,7.43 1991.08,7.44,7.41,7.34,7.38,7.31,7.34,7.16,7.21 1991.09,6.88,7.06,6.75,7.04,6.47,6.83,6.28,6.71 1991.10,6.56,6.77,6.28,6.64,6.19,6.44,6.28,6.38 1991.11,6.28,6.34,6.28,6.30,6.16,6.24,6.09,6.15 1991.12,5.56,6.25,5.72,6.23,6.03,6.11,5.81,5.99 1992.01,5.56,5.41,5.38,5.35,5.25,5.26,5.16,5.21 1992.02,5.63,5.60,5.50,5.49,5.34,5.34,5.19,5.18 1992.03,5.91,5.59,4.81,5.31,5.28,5.13,4.69,4.99 1992.04,4.75,4.71,4.72,4.73,4.81,4.69,4.69,4.68 1992.05,4.72,4.70,4.69,4.72,4.69,4.69,4.75,4.68 1992.06,4.69,4.69,4.59,4.69,4.56,4.63,4.53,4.63 1992.07,4.03,4.47,4.06,4.45,4.03,4.39,4.03,4.28 1992.08,4.06,4.03,4.09,4.05,4.03,4.06,3.84,4.02 1992.09,4.03,4.24,4.03,4.22,4.03,4.12,4.09,4.08 1992.10,3.94,4.03,3.84,4.02,3.81,3.92,3.72,3.93 1992.11,3.84,3.89,3.94,3.89,3.84,3.83,3.78,3.83 1992.12,3.84,3.87,3.97,3.90,3.75,3.77,3.97,3.81 1993.01,3.78,3.83,3.66,3.81,3.78,3.76,3.81,3.75 1993.02,3.13,3.23,3.34,3.27,3.31,3.26,3.28,3.26 1993.03,3.22,3.30,3.59,3.35,3.22,3.22,3.41,3.25 1993.04,3.19,3.14,3.19,3.18,3.31,3.21,3.19,3.21 1993.05,3.16,3.17,3.22,3.21,3.28,3.24,3.25,3.24 1993.06,3.19,3.17,3.22,3.22,3.31,3.27,3.31,3.27 1993.07,3.22,3.20,3.22,3.22,3.19,3.20,3.22,3.25 1993.08,2.97,3.09,3.03,3.13,2.94,3.14,3.06,3.14 1993.09,2.56,2.83,2.47,2.79,2.50,2.76,2.44,2.65 1993.10,2.44,2.46,2.41,2.47,2.41,2.46,2.59,2.52 1993.11,2.38,2.43,2.28,2.43,2.34,2.41,2.19,2.37 1993.12,2.41,2.38,2.53,2.33,2.28,2.15,2.28,2.19 1994.01,2.22,2.29,2.25,2.29,2.19,2.23,2.47,2.25 1994.02,2.19,2.20,2.27,2.23,2.34,2.28,2.21,2.29 1994.03,2.25,2.25,2.21,2.34,2.31,2.30,2.25,2.29 1994.04,2.16,2.16,2.22,2.22,2.32,2.26,2.31,2.30 1994.05,2.03,2.06,2.09,2.12,2.06,2.22,2.12,2.21 1994.06,2.03,2.02,2.09,2.07,2.06,2.06,2.15,2.11 1994.07,2.06,2.03,2.13,2.09,2.18,2.14,2.24,2.19 1994.08,2.13,2.09,2.50,2.23,2.44,2.37,2.31,2.38 1994.09,2.38,2.24,2.26,2.49,2.34,2.41,2.35,2.38 1994.10,2.22,2.20,2.30,2.29,2.40,2.35,2.53,2.41 1994.11,2.22,2.22,2.32,2.31,2.39,2.37,2.37,2.39 1994.12,2.24,2.24,2.27,2.35,2.41,2.39,2.36,2.39 1995.01,2.19,2.21,2.22,2.27,2.28,2.34,2.29,2.38 1995.02,2.17,2.18,2.40,2.25,2.29,2.34,2.33,2.34 1995.03,1.69,2.16,2.12,2.29,2.34,2.30,, 1995.04,1.30,1.49,1.40,1.77,1.16,1.46,1.39,1.56 1995.05,1.27,1.28,1.31,1.35,1.43,1.43,1.43,1.43 1995.06,1.20,1.27,1.23,1.29,1.24,1.24,1.15,1.23 1995.07,0.75,0.94,0.88,0.92,0.88,0.88,0.89,1.00 1995.08,0.83,0.86,0.84,0.91,1.02,0.96,0.89,0.87 1995.09,0.59,0.56,0.49,0.64,0.54,0.56,0.50,0.52 1995.10,0.47,0.43,0.70,0.55,0.64,0.57,0.57,0.56 1995.11,0.43,0.42,0.50,0.57,0.60,0.56,0.57,0.60 1995.12,0.56,0.44,0.51,0.53,,,0.50,0.50 1996.01,0.46,0.43,0.47,0.50,0.62,0.59,0.64,0.60 1996.02,0.43,0.41,0.63,0.76,0.77,0.62,0.77,0.77 1996.03,0.99,0.69,0.77,0.70,0.57,0.62,0.73,0.72 1996.04,0.44,0.47,0.67,0.64,0.75,0.74,0.72,0.67 1996.05,0.45,0.45,0.63,0.62,0.63,0.57,0.70,0.76 1996.06,0.43,0.43,0.65,0.61,,,0.65,0.63 1996.07,0.43,0.44,0.65,0.59,0.81,0.81,0.81,0.77 1996.08,0.42,0.42,0.56,0.53,0.70,0.70,0.76,0.76 1996.09,0.41,0.42,0.60,0.54,0.54,0.61,0.65,0.65 1996.10,0.42,0.44,0.53,0.52,0.63,0.60,0.60,0.59 1996.11,0.42,0.44,0.60,0.53,0.61,0.61,0.51,0.51 1996.12,0.42,0.47,0.52,0.50,0.54,0.54,, 1997.01,,,0.49,0.52,0.61,0.61,0.66,0.65 1997.02,,,0.64,0.58,0.51,0.51,0.75,0.69 1997.03,0.50,0.55,0.91,0.61,,,0.72,0.71 1997.04,0.53,0.53,0.70,0.61,,,0.66,0.66 1997.05,0.50,0.54,0.75,0.65,,,0.67,0.70 1997.06,0.56,0.56,0.76,0.64,,,0.79,0.79 1997.07,,,0.75,0.72,,,0.81,0.79 1997.08,,,0.78,0.69,0.75,0.78,, 1997.09,,,0.90,0.84,0.80,0.80,, 1997.10,0.62,0.59,0.52,0.67,0.80,0.80,0.75,0.75 1997.11,1.50,0.79,1.00,0.70,0.95,0.85,, 1997.12,0.70,0.82,1.90,1.49,,,, 1998.01,0.78,0.70,1.15,1.09,1.50,1.50,1.40,1.50 1998.02,0.70,0.67,0.84,0.84,1.55,1.50,, 1998.03,0.80,0.66,1.40,1.24,,,, 1998.04,0.63,0.63,1.00,1.02,1.00,0.95,0.82,0.82 1998.05,,,0.53,0.73,,,0.80,0.83 1998.06,,,0.70,0.91,0.66,0.67,, 1998.07,,,0.80,0.91,0.72,0.72,0.90,0.90 1998.08,,,0.82,0.92,0.89,0.88,, 1998.09,0.42,0.42,0.94,0.88,0.57,0.57,, 1998.10,,,0.92,0.85,,,0.75,0.79 1998.11,0.40,0.40,0.80,0.87,,,, 1998.12,,,0.91,1.00,,,, 1999.01,,,0.75,0.80,,,0.84,0.87 1999.02,,,0.60,0.54,,,, 1999.03,0.16,0.16,,,,,0.50,0.50 1999.04,,,,,,,, 1999.05,,,,,,,, 1999.06,,,0.35,0.35,,,, 1999.07,,,,,,,, 1999.08,,,,,0.40,0.40,, 1999.09,,,,,,,, 1999.10,,,,,0.45,0.45,, 1999.11,,,,,0.41,0.41,, 1999.12,,,,,,,, 2000.01,,,,,,,, 2000.02,,,,,,,, 2000.03,,,,,,,, 2000.04,,,,,,,, 2000.05,0.01,0.01,,,,,, 2000.06,,,,,,,, 2000.07,,,,,,,, 2000.08,,,,,,,, 2000.09,,,0.36,0.36,,,, 2000.10,,,,,,,, 2000.11,,,,,,,, 2000.12,,,,,,,, 2001.01,,,,,,,, 2001.02,,,,,,,, 2001.03,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,